Bronchitis
Bronchitis is a respiratory condition that occurs when the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs, become inflamed and irritated. This inflammation leads to swelling, excessive mucus production, and persistent coughing. Bronchitis can either be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
Acute Bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection, such as the common cold or flu, and typically resolves within a few weeks.
Chronic Bronchitis is a long-term condition, often linked to smoking or air pollution, and is a serious form of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Common Symptoms of Bronchitis
Bronchitis symptoms can vary from person to person, but the most common signs include:
Persistent cough (with or without mucus)
Shortness of breath or wheezing
Chest discomfort or tightness
Mild to moderate fever and chills
Fatigue and weakness
Sore throat and nasal congestion
In acute bronchitis, symptoms usually last for a few days to a couple of weeks, but the cough can persist for longer. Chronic bronchitis is diagnosed if the cough and mucus last at least three months and return over at least two consecutive years.
Bronchitis Treatment Options
The treatment for bronchitis depends on whether the cause is viral, bacterial, or environmental.
Acute Bronchitis:
Often caused by viruses and usually resolves on its own.
Doctors may recommend rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medicines to relieve cough, fever, and chest discomfort.
If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed.
Chronic Bronchitis:
Requires long-term management.
Treatments may include bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and lifestyle changes.
Stopping smoking and avoiding air pollutants are essential for recovery.
In both cases, early medical evaluation can prevent complications like pneumonia or worsening respiratory function.
Precautions & Prevention
Preventing bronchitis largely involves protecting your lungs and boosting your immune system:
Avoid exposure to smoke, dust, and air pollutants.
Stop or avoid smoking — the biggest risk factor for chronic bronchitis.
Practice good hygiene to reduce the risk of viral infections.
Get vaccinated against the flu and pneumonia, especially for older adults and those with chronic conditions.
Maintain a strong immune system through healthy eating, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
Taking early action at the first signs of bronchitis can reduce the risk of severe complications and improve quality of life.